Being laid off

What do you think about the effects, both mental and physical, of being laid off even though you have â€Å"done everything right†? Being laid off from the job has strong effects, both physical and mental, on a person’s condition. Even if it is unsolicited dismissal, it does not always pass without a hitch. Breach of an employment contract is a stress for both sides. When a person is being laid off during the period of probation, the stress, affecting on a person, is less.A person gets a motivation to work harder at another job, to understand properly what he is lacking as a specialist in this particular field, to take criticism adequately. Being laid off after a long-term working is usually considered as the stamp of infamy. Affections of being laid of, uncertainty of financial field, feelings of needlessness and absence of demand can bring a person to understating of self-esteem, stress, and even depression.The worst after-effects of being laid off are: remorse, rage, indignation, apprehensiveness, alcoholism, drug addiction, divorce, physical complaints, and even thoughts of suicide. After being laid off, a person affects nothingness and shock. This condition is especially dangerous if the dismissal takes place eventually. It can bring in a risk of illness and accidents. A person being laid off changes all his life style, expectations, ambitions, values, relations. When a person is laid off, he usually does not want to see his former colleagues, even if they have been friends.He does not want to see people who are luckier than he and has not been dismissed, to share the experience with them. Hence, a person can lose not only a job, but friends either. Next point here is a family. If a person â€Å"brings bacon†, dismissal affects not only a person, but all his relatives. Material side of the problem is very important in general, but in such cases a person should find a new job quickly and it brings in another stress. It leads to a violen t behavior with children and mates; and finally to a divorce.Some persons begin to find a causer of their disasters, to accuse their bosses who haven’t sized the possibilities. It begins to seem that the world is unjust and it has turned his back on a person. Other persons consider self-guiltiness, suppose that they have shown themselves not initiative, that they have not been worth of such job. If the person can’t find a new job, he becomes more pessimistic, begins to lose hope, stops being interested in new vacancies, and finally loses heart. Some people affect a great depression and even stop leaving their homes.

Being a Girl

Being Girl: A Sociological Memoir My first memory of kindergarten was this: dozens of tiny, petrified 5-year-olds being dropped off at their first day of school, and dozens of exhausted, overworked mothers consoling their weeping sons and daughters. I remember it vividly because, despite the terror and chaos, a single thought pervaded my mind, the thought that â€Å"these moms are not as pretty as my mom. † I wasn’t entirely biased, either. By North American standards of beauty, I was correct. Here was my mother, a rail-thin, blonde-haired, blue-eyed statuesque stunner, among a sea of frumpy women with visible wrinkles and tangles of black hair.And here I was, the daughter of this perfect specimen, the proud owner of a mother who was more â€Å"feminine†, more â€Å"womanly†, and therefore, I naively deduced, â€Å"a better mother†. In fact, although my vocabulary was fairly limited at the time, I believed her to be the epitome of all mothers. She l ooked, I told her that morning, â€Å"like a mom was supposed to look. † In interviewing my mother, she said that this was my â€Å"first brush with what it meant to be a girl. † Throughout kindergarten, I was labeled â€Å"weird†. I dug for worms, collected Pokemon cards (which was deemed a â€Å"boyish† activity), and none of my friends were girls.My teacher, a young woman who had just recently graduated from university, was often concerned for me, and thought that my lack of female friends would be detrimental to my developing of social skills, so she would often encourage the popular girls in the class to include me in their recess activities. They did as they were told, and despite my hesitation, I jumped rope with them at recess, while still managing to play with the boys for short periods of time. Finally, one day, the girls gave me an ultimatum: â€Å"us† or â€Å"them†.If I wanted to be an â€Å"official† member of their â₠¬Å"club† (This was serious business; they had membership cards made out of construction paper), I had to give up the toy trucks and the rambunctious boys. With the encouragement of my teacher, I severed ties with the boys. Although I missed them, I quickly learned that being a girl was â€Å"better† anyways. Apparently, girls were allowed to wear makeup and dresses and boys had cooties and never took baths and didn’t I like being clean? I suppose I liked being clean, but what I really liked was being accepted by this particular group of popular girls.I suppressed my love of all things â€Å"dirty†, all things that were labeled â€Å"boy†, and developed a superficial affinity for all things typically â€Å"girly†, in an attempt to fit comfortably into this group. I skipped rope at recess, I choreographed dances, and I received a ballerina outfit from my parents at Christmas that I absolutely adored. Being a girl was not very hard. It came with a list of instructions. Do this, talk like this, wear this, and you are a girl. It was less of an innate instinct than it was a learned act. I wasn’t born with an eyelash curler in hand, rather, it was handed down to me by a girl older than myself.The torch of femininity was passed down from generation to generation until it finally landed in my dirt-stained lap. In 9th grade, in a fit of rebellion against my mother, who I fought with often around this time, I cut my hair short. Not just â€Å"short†, I cut my hair boy short, a look my mother wasn’t too fond of, which, naturally, made me covet and admire it more, because nothing is as satisfying as a mother’s disapproval when you are a rebellious teenager. When I returned to school the Monday following my haircut, however, I didn’t get the positive reaction I had anticipated.No, the minute I walked into my first period class, the official â€Å"bully† of the grade, a tall, unattractive fell ow, asked me if I had become a â€Å"dyke†, and insisted on calling me â€Å"dykey† for the remainder of the day. The strange behavior of my classmates didn’t stop there. Girls I only casually talked to began avoiding me, which I learned while interviewing a friend from that time was because they were â€Å"convinced I was trying to hit on them†. Boys treated me differently as well. According to this same friend, it was because they believed I was gay.Not â€Å"lesbian†, because, for them, the word â€Å"lesbian† conjured up images of attractive girls drunkenly kissing at a house party, but gay. Gay as in homosexual, gay as in â€Å"fag†. I didn’t understand why a simple haircut had drastically changed my classmate’s opinions of me. Sure, I dressed a bit â€Å"boyish†, as I wasn’t fond of dresses and found skirts to be uncomfortable, but that was all a matter of taste, not sexuality. Wasn’t it? Besid es, I wasn’t gay. I had a boyfriend at the time. I quickly learned that being â€Å"gay† had little to do with who you liked, and more to do with what you did.The â€Å"last straw†, the event that acted as a catalyst, the one that prompted me to conform to what it meant to be a â€Å"girl†, occurred the day I accompanied my sister to our high school’s uniform shop to buy her a blazer. My hair was still cropped short at the time. I wore long, baggy jeans, no makeup, and an oversized band t-shirt. Upon walking up to the cash register, the lady behind the counter turned to my sister and blurted out, innocently, â€Å"Oh, is this your brother? † I was too embarrassed to correct her, and instead gazed at her awkwardly until she realized her mistake.After a moment of tense silence, it dawned on her. â€Å"Oh! haha, silly me, I meant sister,† she swallowed nervously, embarrassed. I honestly didn’t really mind being confused for a boy, but this lady was intent on defending my womanly honor. â€Å"I’m really, really sorry. You know, when I was young, I had short hair for while, and tons of people thought I was a boy. It was so embarrassing. † Surprisingly, her short anecdote did not make me feel better. According to her, being confused for a boy was this terribly embarrassing ordeal that she carried with her all her life.She apologized profusely for the mixup, and continued to do so throughout the school year, whenever I happened to stop by the uniform shop. Through her, I learned that not adhering to strict gender rules on how one should dress caused embarrassment and humiliation, and I therefore should’ve been profoundly humiliated when the mixup occurred. When future incidents similar to this one occurred (I was confused for a boy a second time in a restaurant a few months later), I knew that I should be ashamed of myself. I had utterly failed at being feminine, so much so that I might as w ell have been a boy.Oh the horror. The fear of â€Å"not being girly enough† grew more intense with every snide remark and homophobic slur, and I soon found myself staying home on weekends, retreating to my room, my fortress, playing video games while my peers downed copious amounts of alcohol and partied, for the few months it took my hair, the symbol of my femininity, the only thing that differentiated me from a boy, to grow back. Once it did, I was quickly re-accepted into my group of peers. I was a girl, I looked like a girl, and I acted like a girl, and this seemed to please them. I â€Å"knew my place†, so to speak.Gender Roles and Sexuality While gender has both biological and neurological components, my personal experiences with gender have allowed me to see gender as more of a social construct. In terms of gender, I’m a believer in behaviorism, the psychology that emphasizes socialization over biology in creating gender identity. In my experiences, for the most part, gender was not a naturally occurring phenomenon, it was taught. My experiences mostly relate to feminist postmodernism, which, out of all the categories of feminism in relation to gender, emphasizes the influence of social constructs the most.Queer Theory, a methodology within postmodernism that was introduced by Professor Judith Butler in her book Gender Trouble, also relates to my experiences. The theory states that gender identity is not created by biology, but by â€Å"gender performance. † She argues that individuals are not distinctly â€Å"male† or â€Å"female†. Male and female were opposites on a spectrum, and most people fell somewhere in the middle of the spectrum, but â€Å"acted† more male or female depending on the situation. Growing up, I displayed different characteristics that were specific to both males and females.I was quiet, a characteristic usually attributed to girls, and I was â€Å"tough†: I occasionally pick ed fights, a characteristic usually attributed to boys. Butler’s theory that people act exclusively male or female to conform to gender expectation is completely relatable. In order to be a â€Å"girl†, I had to give up my â€Å"other half†. In my above narrative, I mentioned that, to be part of the popular girl’s posse, I had to sever ties with the boys. In this situation, I was either a â€Å"girl† or a â€Å"boy†, and I had to choose which one I wanted to be.I ultimately chose girl, although I would have much preferred if I could maintain both my male and female characteristics and qualities. Queer Theory also states that gender â€Å"performances† are restricted by sanctions (Steckley, Letts 360). We avoid acting out (or performing) in ways that conflict with gender norms because we want to avoid negative sanctions. In my experiences, negative sanctions imposed by my peers (including overt forms of bullying, being labelled a †Å"dyke†, and being rejected) fostered in me a deep-seated fear of ostracism, and I learned to conform to gender norms and roles in order to gain acceptance among my lassmates. I believe the â€Å"ideology of fag† perfectly sums up my aforementioned experiences. The ideology of fag is a set of beliefs which dictates that â€Å"if you violate a gender role, you must be gay† (Stekley, Letts 360). Prior to my ostracism, the word â€Å"gay†, to me, was a neutral word. It simply referred to homosexuality. However, in high school, â€Å"gay† became an accusation, a threat. Being a â€Å"lesbo† or a â€Å"dyke† was something immoral. It was an insult hurled at me with the utmost contempt.It became the most powerful sanction, the one that I believe played the biggest role in my gender socialization. My classmates made it clear that a â€Å"dyke† was something that I didn’t want to be, and therefore, to eliminate any traces of lesb ian-ness, I had to â€Å"become† a girl. If I was gay because I violated gender roles, because I dressed like boys and enjoyed activities that boys typically enjoyed, then all I needed to do to not be gay was to stop violating these gender roles.Gayness, in essence, was in no way related to who you were sexually attracted to; it referred to the violation of gender norms. Acting aggressive, initiating fights and being obnoxious â€Å"meant† that a girl was a lesbian. A passive, nurturing, sensitive boy was gay. This relates to Ann Oakley’s concept of gender and gender roles. Gender roles are â€Å"sets of expectations concerning behavior and attitudes that relate to being male or female† (Steckley, Letts 354). Gender roles, their enforcement, and the severity of the consequences doled out to those who reject them differ across cultures and societies.In my classroom, in my pseudo-society, there was no room for androgyny. Gender roles were rigidly enforced, and anyone who strayed from them was ridiculed and marginalized. Boys who did not assert themselves, or boys who ventured into the category of subordinate masculinity, as opposed to complicit or hegemonic, were routinely beaten, demeaned and humiliated until they â€Å"manned up†, hid their homosexuality (in most cases, however, they were not gay, simply â€Å"too sensitive†) and participated in complicit masculine practices.Girls who did not act typically feminine, sensitive and unabashedly â€Å"girlish† were marginalized as well, and although they did not suffer to the same extent that the marginalized boys did, and were not subjected to beatings, they nevertheless were severely pressured into assuming a â€Å"traditional† female gender role. Today, my hair is longer. It is blonde at times, brown at times, it is often black, but it is never short. My uniform consists of tights, shorts and skirts.I have worn pants approximately 3 times this semester, an d on each occasion it was because I was running late. I never leave the house without at least some form of makeup. I justify my sudden change in taste by reassuring myself that I have simply â€Å"grown up†. I’ve navigated away from my boyish nature in the same way that I navigated away from cartoons and cheeseburgers: It followed the natural order of things. However, despite my reassurances, the real reason behind my change is not becoming â€Å"more mature†.The truth is, I’m scared. I’ve been socialized into this gender role and I know that scrutiny is awaiting me if I ever choose to leave it. I fear breaking gender norms and being subjected to negative sanctions in the same way I fear dark alleys at night. It is a rational fear, in that it protects me from being ostracized and it satisfies a very basic human need: the need to be accepted. Work Cited Steckley, J. , and Kirby Letts, G. (2010). Elements of Sociology. Oxford University Press Canada .

Ethical Banking in UK Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Ethical Banking in UK - Research Proposal Example This is interesting because the financial sector as a whole is reported to be reeling from the aftereffects of the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the US, the continued depreciation of the US dollar and rising global inflation. In fact, major banks and financial institutions around the world were reported to have suffered losses reaching $435 billion in July 2008, with many banks experiencing severe liquidity problems. Is it possible that ethical banking shields its practitioners from negative external factors We aim to find out the answer to this question. Business ethics in general is the application of moral principles in the making of business decisions (Rushton, 2002)), such that it places a premium on social responsibility. This responsibility represents the positive actions or responses that a company takes to fulfill its responsibilities towards its stakeholders, to the environment and to society as a whole. In the view of some economists, however, there is one and only social responsibility of business: to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits. Thus, when firms experience resource shortages as to threaten their very existence, they attack this problem by cheating on their social responsibility. ... That way, the firms give the false impression that they comply with the rules. To address internal resource shortages, such as inadequate capacity and expertise, they overestimate costs, falsify training records, pay excessive compensation and give undeserved promotions. To address external shortages, such as lack of raw materials, they arrange unethical deals with suppliers or service providers. These activities are taboo to ethical banks. 2. Aim & Objectives2.1 Aim Examine how the operations of ethical banks in UK differ from those of their counterparts in the conventional banking sector to see if the former thrive because of ethical banking or in spite of it. 2.2 Objectives (1) Measure the performance of ethical banks in economic terms to see if it is a feasible or reasonable line of business. (2) Observe how ethical banks compete with conventional banks in terms of profitability, size of clients and quality of service. (3) Discover the reasons that made the owners of ethical banks decide to go into this line of banking. Business ethics in general is the application of moral principles in the making of business decisions (Rushton, 2002)), such that it places a premium on social responsibility. This responsibility represents the positive actions or responses that a company takes to fulfill its responsibilities towards its stakeholders, to the environment and to society as a whole. In the view of some economists, however, there is one and only social responsibility of business: to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits. Thus, when firms experience resource shortages

Financial Crisis of 2008 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Crisis of 2008 - Research Paper Example Effects of economic recession or financial crisis are usually witnessed in employment, industrial production and in real estate income (Magdoff and Bellamy 41). The technical economic indicator associated with recession is economic growth which is negative which in quarters is two consecutive when measured by a nation’s GDP (Gross Domestic product). The 2008 financial crisis affected all financial institutions in the world. The financial crisis endangered the total collapse of financial bodies, the reduction in stock markets all over the world, world government tried to apply bailouts to financial institutions but still it had little effect. In certain areas such as housing was badly affected in that it led to foreclosures, evictions and unemployment among many people. In addition, the financial crisis was responsible for the collapse or failure of major business, decrease in consumer wealth and recession in economic activities all over the world resulting to the 2008 financia l crisis and leading to European debt problems or crisis. The financial crisis in the US was sparked by the housing bubble that influenced the values of securities in US associated with housing prices to destruction of financial bodies in the world. Further, the 2008 financial crisis was activated by intricate interplay of government laws that motivated home ownership offering them cheap interests on house loans. In October 2008, questions emerged regarding the issue of bank solvency, downturn in availability of credit to citizens and the destroyed investors confidence which had a negative influence on the world stock markets especially in the US and Europe where securities experienced massive losses in 2008. During this time, global trade decreased as availability of credit tightened. The US government reacted to this phenomenon with fiscal stimulus packages for financial institutions, monetary laws expansion, and bailouts (Magdoff and Bellamy 72). The US financial crisis left many shocked because it severely affected their lives. The crisis ended in late 2008 and the beginning of 2009 in the US when the congress enacted the recovery and reinvestment Act of 2009. After viewing the two movies, â€Å"Too Big to Fail’ and the â€Å"Margin Call† it is clear that the US financial crisis began in the housing industry specifically in the mortgage market known as subprime, which spread to prime mortgage, and other types of debts that mortgage firms in the US faced. The movie â€Å"Too Big to Fail† clearly shows the real events that took place in that the US banks and other financial institutions counted losses as high as third of the total financial or bank capital. The films shows that the crisis caused to sharp decrease in bank lending that resulted in severe downturn in the economy of the United States of America. Between August 2008 and October 2008, the subprime borrowers in the US have affected the availability of credit and decreased the repayment of loans. Subprime loans are risky because they are likely to suffer from default than loans offered to prime borrowers. Therefore, if a borrower makes timely repayment of his or her loan, the lender may claim the control of the property. In August 2008, the value of subprime mortgage borrowers stood at over $ 1 trillion with the total of over $ 7 million outstanding mortgage balance. This eventually led to the increase in lending of loans to subprime borrowers with the perception that the prices of houses will continue to increase with time. Further, this act was aided by the increase of non-bank autonomous mortgages, which regardless of their smaller share in the market contributed a lot to the housing indus

Evaluating Business Intelligence Systems W8 assign Essay

Evaluating Business Intelligence Systems W8 assign - Essay Example Additionally, the importance of such transitions for employees have also been explained in this study along with the mechanism through which the success of the BIS initiative can be evaluated. Thus, the study renders a significant insight regarding the organizational initiative of BIS in the modern day scenario. Introduction Business Intelligence System (BIS) is a kind of technology that provides noteworthy business value by improving effectiveness of managerial and technical decision making. It is a structural design and a collection of integrated operational as well as decision support applications and databases to assist business communities with an easy access to business data. In this respect, the continuous advancement in information technology can be identified as the potential driver for sustaining the business in the current highly competitive industrial environment (Srinivasan, 2011). This paper focuses on the issues that guarantee success of BIS and highlights significance of transition process of BIS in the most coherent manner. Issues That Help Guarantee Success of Business Intelligence System The issues that help to construct successful BIS are usually quite similar to the requirements of any other system that involves the use of the technology and seeks to change the organizational functions towards betterment. ... In addition, business management sponsor must be capable and potential enough to communicate the vision related with BIS and ascertain committed efforts from the entire management team. Also, the efficient business driver should be capable to motivate members of the organization to contribute their best towards its productivity. It is worth mentioning that primarily the top level and middle level managers from the different heads (such as regulatory, financial and operational) of the organization are engaged in accomplishing the tasks as a business driver. Similarly, feasibility acts as the other key success issue of BIS. Understanding various data and being capable to communicate these data with its actual meaning is an extremely crucial aspect with respect to BIS. It can be argued in this regard that tools and its applications only cannot guarantee success of information system within an organization. Correspondingly, focusing on the process and basic process control mechanism can form a solid foundation for assimilating the crucial and critical success factors required for the effective implementation of BIS. CSFs Framework for Implementation of BI Systems Source: (Yeoh & Koronios, 2010) With regards to the above mentioned model, critical success factors of the BIS can be divided into three different categories including organization, process and technology. Contextually, these three factors, when aligned carefully and efficiently, usually results in delivering best outcomes from the implementation of BIS. Importance of Transition to the Employees and Shareholders Transition is a very crucial component from the industry point of view.

How far does the form and structure of the city together with its Essay

How far does the form and structure of the city together with its transport network influence individual travel patterns - Essay Example Perth, Western Australia is one of the most densely populated regions of the continent. Perth is the capital of Western Australian province. Perth is located by the side of River Swan. The total population of Perth is more than 1,700,000. Like most of the densely populated cities in the developed world, Perth has a very well developed and well planned public transport system. Majority of the people in Perth use ferries, buses and trains as their chosen mode of transport. Transperth is the organization which supervises this public transport and the routes, while Transwa provides routes to the rural and sub urban area around Perth. Public transport Authority operates Transperth. The mode of transit only includes ferries, busses and trains, as mentioned earlier. This brand, Transperth, was launched in 1986. Although the control was initially under Metropolitan transport trust, and Western Australian government railways, it was later transferred to Department of transport, in 1993. Perth is divided into 9 fare zones. These zones are created keeping the distance of a place from the city centre in mind. All three transit services offered by Transperth cover Perth city up to Wundowie in the East of the city, to Fremantle in the west, up to Mandurah in the south and up to Two Rocks in the north of Perth City. The central business district of Perth has 15 bus stations and 70 railway stations. The time tables are color coded and thus the routes are easier to understand once a person understands the color codes. City centre is a Free Transit zone, where one does not need to pay a fare to travel. Overall, the transport infra structure in Pert is well developed. Keeping the growth of population in mind, the government has planned forward to accommodate the future requirements. Modes of transit most frequently used in Perth: It is a fact that the form and structure of the city together with its transport network influence individual travel patterns. Travel to work (includes multi-mode journeys) Perth 2006 2001 Enumerated data number % Perth Statistical Division % number % Perth Statistical Division % Change 2001 to 2006 Train 79 3.2 4.3 47 2.8 3.8 32 Bus 142 5.8 4.2 80 4.8 3.7 61 Tram or Ferry 6 0.2 0 3 0.2 0 3 Taxi 101 4.2 0.2 93 5.6 0.2 8 Car - as driver 616 25.4 63.0 447 26.7 63.2 169 Car - as passenger 130 5.3 5.8 107 6.4 5.7 23 Truck 6 0.2 1.0 3 0.2 1.2 3 Motorbike 5 0.2 0.6 0 0 0.5 5 Bicycle 20 0.8 1.0 11 0.6 0.9 9 Walked only 676 27.9 2.1 318 19.0 1.8 358 Other 172 7.1 1.1 116 6.9 1.4 57 Worked at home 67 2.8 3.6 72 4.3 4.1 -5 Did not go to work 371 15.3 11.5 357 21.3 12.1 14 Not stated 36 1.5 1.7 20 1.2 1.5 16 Total 2,426 100.0 100.0 1,673 100.0 100.0 753 Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, Census of Population and Housing, 2006, 2001, 1996, and 1991. NOTE: Table totals may not equate with other similar tables due to  randomisation  of small numbers. Please refer to the  specific data notes  for more information. Looking at the abo ve table, few very important findings can be noted. First of all, it is important to note that the 2006 figures show that around 27.9% of the people taking part in this survey walked to work. This means that the structure and form of city definitely has its impact over the way people choose their modes of transit. People living near the central business district or metropolitan Perth prefer to walk to work if their offices are located at a notable distance. The high percentage of people walking to work also shows a trend that people either try to find work at some place close to their residence, or they shift to reside at some place close to their work place. Another important aspect clearly visible from this table is that the trend of using own cars for going to work is on the rise. This is because of the fact that people are generally busier now, and also,

The Choice in Consumerism to the Choice in Technological Aspects Research Paper

The Choice in Consumerism to the Choice in Technological Aspects - Research Paper Example In regards to the consumer’s choice, there is a lot of opinions that can be said. It is true that the life of a consumer is usually encompassed with choices, which have no boundaries and as such, in the long run, the state becomes a life full of hyper calculations, which are intended to pursue a state of perfection and as such, this perfection can be said to be always unreachable (Glasser 2009). For instance, when a person needs to buy a space consuming item, he or she will be upbeat not to make the wrong choice (Roberts 2002). As a result, that person will end up bearing down and at the end becomes engaged in conducting research, which is comparative in nature. It is only when consumers do the right choice that the fantasy takes not only the right direction but also assumes the right shape. As such, it follows that there will be a prevalence of a global beatitude (Roberts 2002). In contemporary times, the citizens of the U.S spend more time while doing shopping more than othe r people in other countries in the world. According to the recent researches, it has been found that people in America go to do shopping at least once a week and this exceeds the number of times that the hoses of worship are visited (Elizabeth 128). When these shoppers are requested to do a ranking in regard to what they achieve from being involved in various activities, it is amazing that shopping is usually ranked among the last activities (Kanazawa 2004). This is supposed to mean that, people tend to shop more but what they get from that in terms of enjoyment is usually less.

Developments in Organizational Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Developments in Organizational Politics - Essay Example Defined as a â€Å"controversial concept† by Vigoda- Gadot (2003), organizational politics is a common occurrence the degree of which differs from organization to organization. Self-interest is the main cause of organizational politics and it has been aptly described as â€Å"the pursuit of self interest at work in face of every sort of opposition real or imagined† (Kreitner2008). A more detailed explanation of organizational politics is given by Jennifer (2009) who has described it as activities the managers indulge in to strengthen their position in the firm. Elaborating further Jennifer (2009) said that it is a means through which managers gain power and thereby use it to their advantage such as pursuing goals suited to the individual or the department. Organizational politics originates from a number of sources and operates at individual, collective and organizational level (Yammarino 2002). However it has been observed that an individual could certainly benefit fro m organizational politics (Porter, Angle &Allen 2003). Generally the organizational politics is seen in a negative light and is described as the process which does not conform to the normal role behavior of the organization and is the means through which people acquire and use power to meet their personal goals (McKenna 2000). This statement was confirmed by a majority of employees who stated that organizational politics was harmful for the organization. ... Those managers who obtain a greater share of resources are considered powerful and influential and that’s why managers use dishonest methods such as inflating the budget to gain a favorable share. It has been seen that conflicts occur during annual budget allocation and these conflicts cause political activity in organizations (Daft 2009). Jennifer (2009) believes that as growth in an organization becomes limited especially for managers who already occupy senior positions organizational politics become common to gain power and influence by several methods including impressing the kingpins (Jennifer2009). Organizational politics also occurs because of the presence of uncertainty and lack of clarity in an organization. Organizational politics comes into play when company adopts ambiguous goals. These ambiguous goals provide a perfect opportunity to managers especially those at the top to pursue personal goals in disguise of organization goals. Moreover, political activity become s more prominent when non-programmed decisions need to be taken for instance two managers competing for the same post can be manipulative. Badham& Buchanan (2008) have labeled personal ambition and competition between the various departments as other sources of organizational politics. Another important origin identified by Badham& Buchanan (2008) is â€Å"change†. According to them when change occurs in an organization, it tends to disturb the comfort zone of the employees so to preserve their interests, they engage in organizational politics. Vroom’s Expectancy Theory gives another view to the organizational politics. According to this theory the expectations of an employee significantly influence his perceptions,

Environmental Scan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Scan - Assignment Example The program is solely responsible for health services and training opportunities, along with valuable educational programs. Regina Food Bank has been sustaining its operations from past many years. However external forces tend to affect operations of this charitable organization. There are four major forces in external environment as per PEST model such as political, economic, social and technological forces. This project has been incorporated in Regina located in Canada. Political power is in favor of Regina Food Bank. Its main aim is to eradicate any form of hunger issues from the country. The government had recently announced a lump sum amount to be donated to Regina Food Bank. This kind of investment would be done in terms of capacity building in community and voluntary sector. Political conditions at times are not stable due to frequent elections and this in turn proves to be a threat for charitable organizations. Economic factors mainly comprise of effect of recession on charitable organization. This encompasses various phenomenons like lower income of donor, increased service demand and stiff competition in context of declining funds of government. Job security is a vital issue for donors and this affects operations of charitable organizations. When disposable income is low then it negatively affects donation habits of individuals. Reduction in interest rates is good for businesses and home-owners but it has adversely affected charities. Market volatility reduced overall income from investments and reserves for many firms. The charities usually are dependent on investment factor. This kind of dependency will be influential since larger portfolio portion is held in shares. Market volatility also plays a major role for charities in context of pension funds. Pension funds are usually bounded within equities and hence declination in stock value creates large deficits. Financial instability and low interest

Ultimate Reality and the Nature of a Human Being Essay

Ultimate Reality and the Nature of a Human Being - Essay Example Because of our limited understanding of reality, individuals create a personal perception of the truth of ultimate reality. The understanding of ultimate reality provides explanations of the causes of some phenomena such as living and non-living things in the universe. The explanations of the causes of existence make human beings create the meaning and purpose of life and living. For example, those who see the world from a religious viewpoint attribute the existence of a diverse universe to the works of an infinite Supreme Being. Thus, human beings come up with various attributes of the Supreme Being. Human beings derive the meaning and purpose of life from the perceived attributes of the Supreme Being. For the Christians, the purpose of living is to fulfill God’s creation. According to Goheen and Bartholomew (2008), the Bible is the true story of the world. It teaches that the definitive goal of the world is the establishment of God’s kingdom. Therefore, the Bible should be regarded as God’s message about how is working to resolve the world and all human beings. The practical implication of understanding ultimate reality is the emergence of various views that attempt to provide satisfactory explanations of existence. Each and every person creates their own individual perception of reality. The perceived individual reality helps in shaping the consensus reality of the human nature. Because of the limited powers of reasoning and experience, humans may not understand the entire diverse nature or even provide satisfactory explanations of its existence. It is such limitations of reasoning that make people resort to religion to explain what the basic human reasoning cannot provide. Therefore, what the human reasoning cannot explain is attributed to the Supreme Being. Human beings seek to understand themselves in relation to the ultimate nature. To understand the ultimate nature, an individual needs to understand God, the supreme being. Thus, God is strictly

Dream of the Red Chamber Essay Example for Free

Dream of the Red Chamber Essay In the first chapter, the author first writes about the origin of the stone. Then it comes to the very end of the story and writes a conversation between the stone and the Taoist called Vanitas. Next, it starts to talk about the story which first starts with the decline of Shi-yin Zhen`s family. When reading the origin of the stone, I find the description of the stone provides me with a great sense of mystery, which keeps me reading forward. Maybe it is because the stone is of magic power which makes it unreal from the reality. However, the story happens in the real world. As a result, it forces me to read and explore what will happen if the unreal meets with the real. Then it continues to write about the conversation between the stone and Taoist after â€Å"countless aeons†. The conversation suggests a lot of clues about the whole book. According to the self description of the stone, the story`s main theme is love, and purpose of this story is to record the real events and make those who indulge in the eroticism aware of their wrongdoing. Although it gives some clues to the story, but it never gives the detail to readers. Thus, it is just like it gives you soul of the book, but it never gives the appearance or skin of the book, which makes the reader know something about the book but not everything about it. Consequently, as one of the readers, there is no doubt that I want to get to know more about the book. It is very surprising that the whole story starts with the tragedy of Shi-yin Zhen`s family. Personally, I myself very compassionate him. Before I read the book, I thought the book should be very light and happy since it was a book about love among young boys and girls. It is widely acknowledged that the first impression about one thing will keep affecting your view for a long time. Maybe the author wants to suggest something about the later story, so he writes such a tragedy and makes the atmosphere sad and dark. Shi-yin is a good man who helped Yu-cun. He does not deserve such misfortune. Maybe it is the â€Å"Fate† that the author wants to focus on. Another feature that I find in the first chapter is that Taoist and monk frequently appear in the context. In my impression towards Taoist, such kind of people, who are totally different with the ordinary ones, have higher-level thoughts towards the world. They always have deeper thoughts towards everything. I am quite confused by the frequently appearance of Taoist. Is it very common at that time to have Taoist or is there any other reason? What does the author want to express with the use of Taoist? According to my point of view, maybe he wants to compare the Taoist and the ordinary people to emphasis what ordinary people do are always secular and profane, which is because they lack of the understanding of the true life and indulge in the real material world. The first chapter tells us much and also leaves many unsolved questions which force us to explore the answer by reading the rest of the book. I will keep on reading and figure out the answer myself.

Safeguarding and Protection in Health Essay Example for Free

Safeguarding and Protection in Health Essay 1.1- Diversity means the difference between people and the values and beliefs that they have, there is lots of ways in which people differ, for example, ability, beliefs, race, religion, gender, culture, the differences in people are what makes an individual and as a care worker it is important to recognise these and respect their individuality to ensure that they feel valued and included, if I treated everyone the same or made assumptions or decisions for my service user’s or stereotyped people this would cause them to feel unvalued which would dent their self-esteem and more seriously would mean I was working in a discriminatory way and the service user would not have their needs met. It is very important to value diversity in individuals and work in ways that ensure that their needs, wishes and preferences are taken into account all of us as individuals have this right. By stereotyping individuals, this is the main cause of discrimination in which we, at times have a lack of understanding of differing cultures, beliefs, for example ‘all black people are drug dealers,’ ‘Jewish people are mean with money,’ ‘the Irish are thick,’ labelling and stereotyping is a form of being prejudice and media and television programmes can have a big influence on us all and the way we look at people and instantly make judgements, we are if completely honest guilty of doing this, but as a professional care-worker it is very important to challenge this behaviour and to value everyone’s choice, beliefs, cultures, not make assumptions because of the way they look, dress or their personal beliefs and cultures, it is important to respect their diversity and work in ways that respect their decisions and meet their needs even if they differ entirely from my own, spending time with individuals finding out how and where and when the y want my support, how they would like the support given, documenting their wishes is very important as this will ensure the individual feels valued, included, a care plan which is person-centred will give the best support to the individual and outcomes will be met. Read more: Principles of safeguarding and protection in health and social care  essay Equality is about everyone being equal and ensuring that their diversity is valued and individuals are given the same services and support wherever they are from, to promote equality it is important to find the correct level of care to ensure the individual can reach his/her goals in life and encourage them to reach them even if there is perceived disadvantages for them, individuals deserve the correct level of support to maintain and achieve their goals and can participate the same as someone who needs none or less support, by lifting the barriers this will enable the individual to feel valued and build self esteem and independence. Governments definition of social class allows them to determine what planning services are needed around the country, but there are many ways that social class is perceived, this could be lower class, middle class and upper class, how we determine this is by example: I would say individuals who have very well paid professional careers and live in affluen t area’s of the country with top of the range cars, who send their children to private schools are the upper class of our society, but individuals from lower class through education can move around the class system. These systems of social classes can cause at times inequality, individuals from the lower class can suffer from ill health and poverty which create many more social and economical factors for example: poor nutrition, mental health problems, infant and childhood deaths, heart disease, diabetes. Gender, disability and age can also be causes of inequality, this can be made worse if poverty is a factor particularly in the elderly who live on low income, over 30% of the elderly who are entitled to pension credits do not claim it and this in turn means that they live in severe deprivation, poverty and socio-economic deprivation are the leading causes of inequality in the united kingdom and is made worse by attitudes for example, racism, sexism and discrimination against people with disabilities. inclusion is about equal opportunities for individuals, whatever their age, gender, ethnicity, attainment and background, feeling respected, feeling a sense of belonging, being valued for who you a re. 1.2 The possible effects of discrimination can be very serious and can affect an individuals self-esteem and can reduce their ability to maintain their self belief and identity, being discriminatory because of their, for example sex, age, disability, colour of their skin, religion, can and will have a detrimental affect on a persons well-being and causing the individual to feel, angry, humiliated, depressed, low self esteem, worthless and unvalued. To eliminate the above as a care worker I should always strive to work in a anti-discriminatory way and respect a person and their choices whatever they are, respect their diversity as an individual, some examples of this would be to work to a person centred approach to ensure that the individuals needs, wishes and preferences are met, this could be cultural meal choices, ensuring language barriers are supported, not ignoring a person because of their differences, treating everyone equally, challenge discriminatory behaviour in my workplace, respect diversity of individuals and not push my own views on them. 1.3 Inclusive practice promotes equality and supports diversity of the individual, if we as care workers ensure that the individuals needs are met and ensuring that no barriers are there that would mean that they could not feel included and made to feel worthless. By understanding the individuals needs and what needs to be implemented for them to fully participate is important, this could be ‘a fully working hearing aid, good lighting, wheelchair, flash cards. Also being aware of any changes in the individuals overall health and recognising that at times extra support may be needed so they can still be included and fulfil an active life, mentally, physically and emotionally and ensure these are implemented. Question 2 2.1 2.2 2.1There are many legislations and codes of practice relating to equality, diversity and discrimination in my work role. It is my responsibility to adhere to these legislations and follow also my organisational policies and procedures relating to the above, my responsibility is about protecting and improving and not infringing rights of others, by dis-regarding a persons choice, entitlement is an infringement of their rights, so it is vitally important as a care worker to have the correct balance of rights and responsibilities. There are rights that do not have the force of law, these are rights under national standards, codes of practice, guidelines and policies, they are enforceable within social care and will help to improve the quality of services that individuals receive. National Minimum Standards England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, have their own individual body and they are responsible for inspecting social care facilities to ensure that they are complying with the National Minimum Standards, they are: The Quality Care Commission in England, Care Commission in Scotland, The Care and Social Service Inspectorate in Wales and The Regulations Quality Improvement Authority in Northern Ireland, all these bodies will have there minimum standards to inspect the quality of care, there will be different standards for different types of services for example, one set of standards would be for a care home for the older adult and different set for young people or a children’s home, also these organisations would have policies in place to outline what services and support that the individuals using these can expect to receive. All these regulatory bodies in the UK have codes of practice for both employers in social care and also their employees, it is my responsibility to promote and protect the individuals rights and their interests and maintain them so they feel valued, respected, included, they will feel have control over their own lives, respect for equal opportunities, diversity and always maintain dignity and privacy. It is also my responsibility to promote their independence and also to protect them from danger or harm, also recognise that at times they have a right to take risks, so ensure risk assessments are in place to try minimise this and all the people involved in the care of the individual that need to know are aware. Maintain trust and confidence of the individual and others, building trust and never exploiting an individual, showing any discrimination towards them, keep a professional relationship at all times, not take any unnecessary risks, keeping confidentiality, not accepting gifts, effective communication skills, declaring conflicts of interests, challenge discriminatory behaviours, being accountable for my own development, attending training courses, pin pointing where additional training will be needed, report any unsafe practice, follow regulations. Maintain rights of individuals and empower them to use them. There are also responsibilities of the employer to adhere to which are employers must ensure that individuals who are in their social care setting know their roles and responsibilities, employers must have written policies and procedures so that employees reach and meet the codes of practice for social care workers this will include area’s on risk assessment, confidentiality, keep records, equal opportunities, acceptance of gifts and substance abuse, also the employer will and should provide supervision, effective management systems, systems to report inadequate resources, training and support to enable the employees to meet the standards of the code of practice criteria’s. Employers must provide training for employees, ongoing supervision and development meetings, respond to employees who are finding any difficulties and provide support, support employees to acetane eligibility criteria’s. Employers also have a responsibility to ensure that they put in place written policies and procedures to deal with discriminatory, dangerous or exploitive behaviours and practice, policies and procedures also must be written for the following equal opportunities, minimising risks of violent and managing violent incidents, bullying, harassment and discrimination, support networks for employees who experience any violence, trauma, bullying and harassment, and also support in connection with health needs. 2.1 Employers have a responsibility to promote the codes of practice for social care workers, service user’s and primary carers and co-operate with the councils proceedings for example, informing workers of the code, co-operate with any investigations, use the code to assist in any decisions that need to be made, inform social care user’s and also to report any misconduct to the council. By adhering as an employee to the codes of practice this will ensure that care will be delivered in the highest possible quality and will ensure the service user is valued, their rights have not be infringed in any way, it will promote their independence, the care they are given is person-centred, dignity and respect is promoted, the care they are given is confidential, diversity is promoted and they have the correct level of support that will maintain that they have control over their own lives. It is also important to understand the balance between rights and responsibilities as one service user who is exercising their rights may on some occasions restrict the rights of others, for example, a care home who does not take into account cultural diets or free speech of one individual who is communicating discriminatory behaviours which will infringe on another individuals rights to be respected and valued it is racist and discriminatory and un-acceptable and is not justified on any level, individuals have the right to be different and it is my responsibility to respect their diversity, individuals have a right to choice over how they live their life, diet and routines, dignity and respect should always be maintained, people have a right to feel safe and secure and not feel threatened in any way, individuals have a right to take risks, choice in order to maintain the individuals identity and its my responsibility not to impose unnecessary risk or put the individual at any risk d anger or harm. Human Rights Act came into force on 2/10/2000, this act applies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, individuals are entitled to seek help from the courts if they believe that their human rights have been infringed, it is my responsibility to work within the provisions of the Human Rights Act which for example guarantee the rights to: life, freedom from slavery, liberty and security of the individual, freedom from torture, a fair and public trial, respect for private and family life, home and correspondence, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and association, marry and found a family, access to education, free elections, not to be subjected to the death penalty. Legislation about equality and rights are: All these Acts and Regulations have been superseded by a single Equality Act 2010 and covers all the previous legislations and gives individuals more protection and includes all older people and also protection for individuals not to be discriminated against on the grounds of sexual orientation, a few of the points of the act are as follows:- Protection against direct and indirect discrimination, harassment, victimisation in services and public functions, premises, work, education, associations and transport. Applying the detriment model to victimisation protection(aligning with the approach in employment law) Introducing a new concept of discrimination arising from disability. This act will give protection to individuals on rights, equality and diversity and maintain that individuals are respected and given choice 2.2 As a care worker it is vitally important to respect the beliefs, culture, values and preferences of all the individuals I support, the ways that I can do this is to set myself a high standard of working which takes all individuals choices into account and respect these and impose my own preferences on the individual, recognising my own prejudices however hard this may seem is important as these are a result of my own values and beliefs and can create conflicts in the working environment, it is important to seek advice and speak with my supervisor if I feel I will struggle with any issues in the work setting, being professional and understanding that we are all different and we have a right to be cared for which respects diversity will ensure individuals feel valued even if this care is not what I think is best for them because of my own beliefs and what I think is better for the person, I must ensure that the individuals I support feel valued and respected and not discriminated a gainst in any way, individuals need to make choices about how they wish to live their lives, having the correct balance is vitally important it will give the individual empowerment to make these choices which exercise their rights, feel valued and build self-esteem. What also is very important is to never tolerate any discriminatory behaviours in the workplace and I should always challenge these behaviours at every level and report these concerns to my manager immediately, my workplace policies and procedures need to be adhered too which will have procedures in place that respect diversity are acknowledged and respected and these must be followed, the types of behaviours that are unacceptable for example: meal choices that does not cater for cultural preferences, not respecting individuality, removing individuals choice to make their own informed decisions, not maintaining independence for the service user, not showing empathy and giving dignity and respect. Question 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1 As a care worker it is important to recognise that individuals have a right to be supported in ways that will ensure that they are valued, respected and are included and also that their diversity is valued and are treated equally, individuals have a right to participate in everyday life and activities as independently as possible, the support they receive should be person-centred which will maintain they have the correct level of support and promotes choice of the individual and access to other services that may be needed so the individual can achieve their best potential and will build self-esteem, I must be as a care worker flexible in the support that I give as support can change, so it is my responsibility to be aware of changes so correct levels of support is still to be given that maintains the individual is at the centre of any changes and decisions to be made and their choice, wishes and preferences are maintained. Care and support should be given to the individuals in the ways that they require and not to suit the establishment that I work in, social support services have changed dramatically over recent years as personalisation agenda’s is ensuring choice and control are firmly in the hands of the service user’s using care support services, direct payments and individual budgets are widely used today which will give service user’s control over, how, when and who gives them support. The impact of powerlessness is detrimental to service user’s as this will contribute to their self-esteem and how valued that they will feel, as human beings we all like to feel valued and for others to understand and respect who we are, also to respect the choices and the way we live, if this was taken away from us or service user’s they would feel un-valued and would have negative effects on their well being behaviours and confidences, also would have impact on their independence and control over their own life which in turn would make the individual more dependent , they also could then in turn have low self-esteem and feel useless and depressed. Individuals who feel confident and happy, valued and loved will be far more enthusiastic to participate and try to do as much for themselves as possible. 3.2 At one time individuals were told the level of care they can receive, how it would be given and the times they would receive it, in 2005 the White Paper Our Health, our care and a further policy Putting people first in 2007 changed the way care was given and is still to date developing, it is essential that control is given to the individuals, once assessments have been made and a budget given to the individual they can decide the amount and type of care they wish for and also they can choose to have the carer they want. 3.3Thier could be times when supporting an individual, that I identify a persons rights but they are unable to exercise their right through either physical or mental barriers, it is my responsibility as a care worker to recognise this and access further assistance or information, this could be for example: involve an advocate who will argue a case for another person, they will try to understand the individuals perspective and argues their case, my own organisation will have procedures in place that will assist me in gaining the services of people who will act as advocates for them. It may also arise that I will need to support an individual in a more informal way this could be for example ‘A day centre that is not fulfilling a cultural need of an individual’ it is my responsibility to challenge this with the manager and ensure that this will be corrected immediately and the individuals cultural needs are being met. It is important to ensure that I provide support that will encourage the individual to take control and make their own choices and decisions that will enable them maximum participation in every aspect of their lives and if possible make their own decisions and only put the support in on the gaps that the cannot possibly do for themselves. if I witnessed a discriminatory incident I would address the situation by reporting it to my manager and recording it immediately. By doing this it is more likely to be dealt with in the appropriate manner If I overheard someone making a discriminatory remark or not promoting equality or valuing diversity I would challenge them in a calm and professional way and tell them that what they were saying or doing, is unacceptable and explain why. I could also add that I am upset and offended by their discriminatory words and actions and that it is unlawful. In a work setting, discrimination can be a disciplinary matter and policies and procedures are in place to deal with this. I could actively challenge discrimination by acting as a role model for positive behaviour and by empowering people to challenge discrimination themselves. Discrimination usually occurs through ignorance. By making a person aware of the facts it will educate them and hopefully change their opinions and actions in the future.

Supporting people with long term health conditions

Supporting people with long term health conditions This report reflects on the care needs of 67 year old Kingsley, at 55 he was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes then at 65 Kingsley suffered a stroke. After a lengthy stay in hospital he was moved to a nursing home where he currently lives, he is not happy in the nursing home and wishes to be discharged and return home to the care of his wife. He displays his unhappiness to care staff with bouts of anger and frustration. He has a social worker assigned to his case who is currently undecided if Kingsley should return home to his wife, he questions the layout of the home and his wifes ability to cope with Kingsleys care needs. Kingsley and his wife have some difficult decisions to make and should be able to discuss these with the social worker as these will have a fundamental impact on where he lives as this will be instrumental to his wellbeing. Living with a long term health condition can have its challenges when receiving health care, its paramount that a care user receives the correct level of support and information available. A psycho sociological perspective offers a holistic approach which addresses an individuals needs and an anthropological perspective which offers a biological study of the human being. A psycho sociological perspective addresses an individuals psychological health and wellbeing needs which are individual to functioning within human society. This perspective highlights that factors such as age, gender, environmental living conditions and the individual differences that people face are to be considered in health needs and care issues. A psycho-social approach to public health aims to incorporate the environment which will address the health of groups of people by social context, social class, location and how accessible they are to local resources. In the past this has been referred to as the social model of health (K217, Learning Guide 2, p43). The structure of the social model of health aims to make health services more affective, accessible and acceptable to individuals. The components are as follows (K217, Learning Guide 2, p43). To acknowledge the influence that health has on political, economic, social, psychological, cultural and environmental factors and also biological factors. To improve health a focus must be placed on the socio-economic environment. To achieve community participation with shared decision making between lay people and practitioners. Health services to collaborate with other government agencies and sectors. Commitment to equity and accountability in health. The use of evidence which is qualitative and quantitative. The concept of this perspective is that the focus of social causes are linked to illness rather genetics. If the social causes which are causing a detrimental effect on health are addressed then a better quality of life and sense of wellbeing are to be achieved. In Kingsley case he is not socially active because of the environment he is currently living in, which is restricting him from participating in any social networks, which gives the practitioners power over him so he is then not part of the decision making regarding his wellbeing. Holism perspective The practice of holism is to recognise that each persons needs are unique to ones own identity. It acknowledges that focus is to be given to lifestyles and choices which have an impact on health and illness. The approach links all aspects of a persons physical, mental and emotional state to create a composition of a state of health and illness. The approach of a biomedical perspective will address medical conditions with a biological, anatomy, and a physiology view but ignores an individuals needs, as a holism approach would address the individuals needs which would have an effect on lifestyles and choices. So a Biomedical perspective has a place in some health conditions such as Diabetes which will address the medical needs such as insulin. But a holistic approach will identify the whole person combining their mind, body and spirit. This can be helpful for practitioners to understand how a Diabetic may be feeling with effects of injecting insulin, are they coping with self management of the condition. The whole person approach to care is to give service users the ability to move on from the professional dominance in the doctor centred model and to achieve the self care model which is to encourage independence. (K217, Learning Guide 2, p42). Discussion. The contribution of theory. Do theories have a place in health and social care services and how can they help people like Kingsley who is suffering from a long term health condition. Theories in health and social care are developed from two perspectives Good research and medical engagements which results in theories from evidence. Generalised practice and an understanding of experience within a profession, these theorises are developed from practical experiences. Theories in understanding long term health conditions can be found in two perspectives bio medical and the social model of health. The bio medical approach is that the body functions normally but when things go wrong a specialist can repair the body; its focus is that biological problems can be addressed with medicine. The social model of health recognises biological factors but also includes the recognition of the influence of health being a matter of psychological and social addressing the wellbeing of an individual. If just a bio medical approach to theory was taken of Kingsleys situation he would have been diagnosed with two long term health conditions a stroke and type two diabetes by a practitioner then undergone biological treatment in hospital, were tests were taken and symptoms were controlled with medication. He is now living with two conditions controlled by medication. Bio medical may adapt mechanical metaphors which presume that a practitioners approach is to be an engineer and to fix what is malfunctioning with medication (K219, leaning guide 1, p36). The N.H.S. point out that a stroke is a medical emergency and should be diagnosed as soon as possible this would be in a bio medical environment. A bio medical view would be taken to determine the emergency treatment needed and also for after care with medication, therapists, physiotherapist and G.Ps. The N.H.S also highlight that the social model of health should be incorporated into a patients social care needs social workers would ass ess a patient and their carers needs and offer services such as meals on wheels and home care services (N.H.S. 2011). A purely social view of theory to long term health conditions would offer Kingsley and his with sociological support in dealing with his conditions addressing needs for his wellbeing. Kingsley has experienced a change to his identity, because of his illness he feels he can no longer contribute in society. Kingsleys illness has made it impossible for him to work so he now relies on the welfare benefit system so his identity has changed from a working man providing for his family to the sick role. The sick role can be identified when an ill person becomes exempt from a social role of responsibilities examples are because of illness, a sick person will not get better without being taken care of and the sick person will want to overcome illness and should be obligated to seek the correct professional help to deal with an illness (Parsons, 1951, p.294). This theory of the sick role has an element of social care and bio medical, society will address an ill persons needs with benefits and c are issues and a biological factor will be present with medication. What can be learnt from research and practice guidelines? Research show that suffers from a long term health condition such as a stroke may face physical disabilities and suffer from social exclusion which can lead to spoiled identities. The Stroke Association commits approximately two and a half million pounds per year in to research of stroke prevention and treatment .Two key achievements are (The Stroke Association 2011). Staying physically fit after 40 cuts risk of a stroke. People who are physically fit after the age of 40 can lower their risk of stroke by as much as 50 percent, compared to people who arent as physically fit (The Stroke Association 2011). The benefit of occupational therapy for stroke care home residents. A recent study funded by the Stroke Association has shown how beneficial even a small amount of occupational therapy can be to residents in care homes who have had a stroke. The study, carried out is extremely significant as the care home population is an understudied and extremely vulnerable group (The stroke Association 2011). The research suggests that prevention can reduce the risk of a stroke and that life style changes and rehabilitation will help with the recovery process, learning to deal with the effects that the stroke has had on them and learning to adapt to the limitations caused by stroke. Rehabilitation would also address the need for any support in dealing with social, emotional and practical issues. A government report on long term health conditions and self care (Your health, your way, 2009) is aimed at promoting discussion between health and social care professionals and people with long term health conditions, it addresses what options, support and information are available for health care users who wish to self care. The N.H.S. and social services want to encourage people with long term health conditions to self care, its shared aims and values for the transformation are to ensure that service users and their carers are not discriminated because of illness or disability and are supported to be able to: Live independently and be able to sustain a family unit, which will avoid children taken on inappropriate caring roles. To stay healthy and to be able to recover quickly from illness. The ability to exercise control over their own life and if appropriate the lives of family members. To participate economically and socially as active and equal citizens. Have the best quality of life, irrespective of illness or disability and retaining respect and dignity. (Your health, your way, 2009, p.4) Self care is build around a holistic process that places the service user at the centre of their own care but also recognising that different issues can impact on an individuals health and wellbeing so the process is supportive, individual, flexible and non-judgemental, the focus is solely on enabling the individual to achieve the outcomes that they want for themselves. People who use services completed a survey prior the transition to self care and after the changes had occurred the findings are. (Your health, your way, 2009) (Your health, your way, 2009) The results show how being empowered to take a more active role in health and well-being can improve quality of life. People who are living with a long term condition can benefit enormously from being supported to self care. They can live longer, have less pain, anxiety, depression and fatigue, have a better quality of life and be more active and independent (Your health, your way, 2009, p.6). Theory and practice. The social model of disability (K217, Learning Guide 6, p43) plays a significant part in a care service users life, such as Kingsley. This theory accepts that people will experience differences in life because of health issues such as stroke and diabetes, but questions that the difference is the problem when society does not adapt to such differences. The theory was introduced in the 1970s when disabled activists debated that society is the problem that faced disabled people not the individuals disability. This approach has a commitment to improving the lives of disabled people, by promoting social inclusion and removing the barriers which oppress disabled people (Tom Shakespeare, 2006, p 9). The biomedical paradigm ignores the differences between individuals and is criticised for overlooking social influences which have an effect to health care (K217, Learning Guide 2, p40). This is clear in the case of Kingsley; he has received biomedical treatment in the past for type 2 diabetes and now for a stroke from medical practitioners. Kingsley is now experiencing differences in life to an able bodied person as well as a change to his identity to being disabled because he cannot walk or use his right hand without being aided. The nursing home were Kingsley now lives accepts his disabilities and provides care for him such as assistance to walk and use his right hand. Two people assist Kingsley to get out of bed, shower and dress him. The environment is restricting his independence and making him disabled relying on assistance and there are no aids he can use himself which would give him control of his care. Empowering people who use services (K217, Learning Guide 10, pp28-34) is a theory which would allow Kingsley to become involved in his health care needs. The focus of the theory is the concern regarding the need for people to participate in their health care needs, and that empowerment will encourage them to use services and empower them to participate within them. People need to be encouraged to use health care services but also need to empower themselves to participate within a service. Health and social care services encourage users to become empowered; this can be with support groups with people who share similar experiences (Diabetes NHS, 2011). Key factors of the theory are that power and control should be equally divided between service provider and user, several options will be available to the user which there will have knowledge on, information supplied to assist in making decisions and if the user is dissatisfied with the system has the option to decline any further use of the system and make a complaint. Involving people who use health and social care services with empowerment gives them achievement by (K217, Learning Guide 10, p30). Having control and being engaged with services. Equal share of power with practitioners. The contribution of planning individual services and the development of good practice. Including all members of society. Empowerments goal is to involve participation at all levels in care services allowing users to have a say and to be engaged in their care needs working with practitioners to satisfy care needs. Empowerment is a way of equalising the distribution of power between users of services and practitioners (Tuner, MacKian, Woodthorpe, 2010, quoted in Learning guide 10, p.30). Kingsleys care needs are being dictated to him by the care home and his social worker if he was to be empowered to use care services and was to empower to participate in services he may be more actively contented with his care needs. Conclusions and recommendations Who cares for Kingsley and where he receives care are now important decisions to make. The decisions will influence his care needs and his future wellbeing. This report highlights the concerns that people who have long term health conditions face with care needs and the services that provide care. Clearly when a person suffers from an illness such as a stroke or diabetes an emergency response for care is received from a medical practitioner who will offer a biomedical diagnoses and if needed medical treatment and medication. As was the treatment Kingsley received, the next phase in the care process is how after care support and treatment is provided for people with a long term health condition. Kingsleys individual care needs have not been addressed; he may be adequately receiving biomedical care in the nursing home and his basic fundamental needs for living such as shelter, food and warmth are being provided his individual needs are not being considered. Kingsley wishes to return home to the care of his wife, a psycho sociological perspective will identify that his individual psychological health and wellbeing in society is not being fulfilled. The care home environment is restricting him from participating in main stream society; he cannot be active within society because he has no access to social networks. This will be a fundamental reason for his bouts of anger and frustration as before his illness he was social active and provided for his family. Kingsleys care needs are unique to his new identity as a disabled person with a long term health condition, along with a psycho sociological perspective a holistic approach will help to identify the impact this is having on his health, lifestyle and wellbeing. The social worker assigned to Kingsley is concerned that his wife would not be able to cope with his care needs, one option is to recognise what difficulties in society will be restricting Kingsley because of his disability (The social model of disability). The care home is disabling Kingsley because of its lack of practices and environment. If the social worker was to work with Kingsley and his wife to identify the support needed to provide a self care package such as direct payments (K217, Learning Guide 10, p29) this would allow them to be independently in control over which services they use. Allowing them to live independently as a family and able to participate economically within society.

Hypothesis :: essays research papers

Hypothesis 2: Most Pupils Travel To School By Bus And Travel At Least 10 Miles. Most people travel to school by bus and travel at least 10 miles. The amounts of people who travel by bus from my random samples are 25 pupils all together. The amount of pupils who travel to school by car is 2 pupils and the amount of pupils who get to school by walking is 3 pupils. The bar graph which shows you the distance the pupils have travelled shows the pupils who travel less than 10 and more than 10 miles. This bar graph is the main graph for this hypothesis as we are also trying to find out if pupils travel more than 10 miles. The average miles travelled less than 10 miles is 5 miles and 12 people travelled less than 10 miles. The average miles travelled more than 10 miles is 23 miles and the amount of people who travelled more than 10 miles is 10 pupils. Though 1 reason why pupils may travel a large distance to get to Loreto is because they want to get a good education or it might have been the closest catholic grammar school. Pupils take the bus because they get a free bus pass –though this bus pass is given to pupils who live m0ore than 3 miles away. Pupils may take the bus as it might be more convenient to the parents as the parents won’t have to drop children off at school before going to work. The petrol costs are going higher and so if they are given the free bus pass why should the parents say NO? Maybe if you travel by bus you could get more friends which is called social element. Most pupils travel more than 10 miles away and therefore it is too far to walk or cycle to Loreto. If more people travel by bus then that would be more environmentally friendly and less vehicles are being used-which means less pollution.

Essay --

The Best Four Wheelchair Vans We Have Seen In 2013 It is hard to live with disability, because everyday things become a challenge. U.S. Census Bureau report from 2008 states that 3.3 million non-institutionalized Americans over age 15 years use wheelchairs. The reason why there are so many people with disabilities is that U.S. spent decades at war. This is why mobility industry is rethinking the products it provides to support a growing demographic. Vantage Mobility International (VMI) and Braun Ability are two leading industry players that spent decades converting wheelchair vans from companies such as Chrysler , Toyota , and Honda into wheelchair-accessible modes of transportation. VMI Toyota Sienna (Base MSRP: up to $25,000 + cost of van) Toyota Sienna is the most selling model of VMI and they work directly with Toyota in the conversion process. In order for everything to fit properly, integration of VMI’s mobility specific features was performed with Toyota as a consultant. Rear axle and seats of the VMI Sienna are moved rearward by 12 inches to extend the amount of usable passenger space inside the minivan. Also, the floorpan is dropped 12.75 inches with the goal to get more headroom and a lower ramp angle for easier entry and exit. The vans that have gone through the modifications have been crash tested to ensure that they maintain at least the same safety rating as they did before the conversion. Toyota Sienna comes with â€Å"in-floor† system that VMI is known for. In opposed to "fold-out"-style ramp, the in-floor unit is placed between the passenger floor and the bottom of the vehicle. The main advantage of an in-floor ramp is that it doesn't intrude into the passenger area of the van when stowed, which leaves more room for ... ... How To Choose A Van For You? Since there are so many options on the market, take several options in consideration and choose the best one according to you specific requirements. Gather all information, so you can compare in-floor with fold-out ramps and choose one according to the conditions you will be using it. If you're based in an area where it rains and snows a lot, an in-floor lift may be solution to helping you keep your interior clean. Fold-out lift may be a better option if you live in area with lots of curbs and hills. All wheelchair accessible vans described above could be found in Better Life Mobility Centers in Riverside , La Mesa , California and Las Vegas , Nevada. Our friendly staff will help you look for a handicap wheelchair van that you will enjoy! Visit our showrooms to get all needed info about mobility vans or see online our vehicle inventory.

Rosa Parks :: essays research papers

Racism and prejudice have been dominant issues in the United States for many years. Being such a major issue is society, racism is also a major theme in one of the best pieces of American Literature, To Kill A Mockingbird. People, particularly African Americans, have been denied basic human rights such as getting a fair trial, eating in a certain restaurant, or sitting in certain seats of public buses. However, in 1955 a woman named Rosa Parks took a stand, or more correctly took a seat, on a public bus in Montgomery, Alabama. She refused to give her seat to a white man and was arrested for not doing so. The reasons and consequences and the significance of her stand are comparable in many ways to Atticus Finch's stand in To Kill A Mockingbird. Rosa Parks worked for the equality of all people. She was elected secretary of the Montgomery branch of the National Advancement of Colored People, unsuccessfully attempted to vote many times to prove her point of discrimination, and had numero us encounters with bus drivers who discriminated against blacks. She was weary of the discrimination she faced due to the Jim Crow laws, which were laws were intended to prohibit "black[Americans] from mixing with white [Americans]" ("Jim Crow Laws"1). Also, due to the Jim Crow laws, blacks were required to give their seats to white passengers if there were no more empty seats. This is exactly what happened on December 1, 1955. On her way home from work, Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white man and was shortly arrested (National Women's Hall of Fame1). Even though she knew what the consequences were for refusing to leave her seat, she decided to take a stand against a wrong that was the norm in society. She knew that she would be arrested, yet she decided that she would try to make a change. Although her arrest would seem like she lost her battle, what followed would be her victory. Rosa Parks's stand was so significant that she is called the mother of the civil rights movement (National Women's Hall of Fame1). Her arrest served as a catalyst for a massive boycott for public busses. Led by Martin Luther King, for 381 days, African Americans carpooled, walked, or found other ways of transportation. Despite the harassment everyone involved in the movement faced, the boycott continued and was extremely successful.

The National Food Security Mission Environmental Sciences Essay

With the Stagnating nutrient grain production and an increasing ingestion demand of turning population of India, The National Development Council ( NDC ) on 29th May, 2007 in its 53rd meeting adopted the declaration to establish a Food Security Mission and with this consequence the Food Security Mission came into presence on August, 2007. In order to guarantee the nutrient security on a sustainable footing for its country-men, the strategy has targeted to increase the production of rice by 10 million dozenss, wheat by 8 million dozenss and pulsations by 2 million dozenss by the terminal of Eleventh Plan ( 2011-12 ) . It is a centrally Sponsored Scheme, taking to bridge the output spread through airing of improved engineerings and farm direction patterns. This strategy has an of import function in increasing the productiveness of nutrient grains of India, it has advantage over the green revolution as it is covering 17 provinces more than what green revolution covered. As we will see the impact it has made in increasing the productiveness in the ulterior portion of the study, the figures are optimistic and it will be able to accomplish its mark of increasing nutrient productiveness by the twelvemonth 2011-2012 to run into the demand of the turning population. Mission Aims Increase production of rice, wheat and pulsations through country enlargement and productivity-enhancement in a sustainable mode in the identified territories of the state. To increase the production of rice by 10 million dozenss, wheat by 8 million dozenss and pulsations by 2 million dozenss by the terminal of the Eleventh Plan ( 2011-12 ) . Restore dirt birthrate and productiveness at the single farm degree. Creation of employment chances ; and Enhance farm degree economic system ( i.e. farm net incomes ) to reconstruct assurance amongst the husbandmans. Fund Allotment The entire fund allocated to this strategy is 4880 crores for heightening the nutrient grain production of rice by 10 million metric tons, wheat by 8 million tones and pulsations by 2 million metric tons by 2011-12. It is for three harvests, which are rice, wheat and pulsations. Rice and wheat are the major cereals consumed in India and occupies 80 % of our cereal ingestion. Whereas pulsations include several â€Å" dekaliters â€Å" like garbanzo, pigeon pea ( tur ) , mung bean, urad bean, form portion of our basic diet and are the major beginning of protein. Scheme To accomplish the above aims, the Mission adopted following schemes: Active battle of all the stakeholders at assorted degrees Promotion and extension of improved engineerings i.e. , seed, Integrated Nutrient Management including micronutrients, dirt amendments, IPM and resource preservation engineerings along with capacity edifice of husbandmans Flow of fund will be monitored to guarantee that intercessions reach the mark donees on clip. Assorted intercessions proposed would be integrated with the territory program and marks for each identified territory would be fixed. Changeless monitoring and coincident rating for measuring the impact of the intercessions for a consequence oriented attack by the implementing bureaus. Mission Structure A. National Level A General Council ( GC ) will be constituted under the chairmanship of the Union Agriculture Minister. A Mission Director will be appointed at the national degree. The composing of the GC will be as under: Minister of Agriculture Chairman Secretary ( A & A ; C ) Member Secretary ( DARE ) & A ; DG ( ICAR ) Member Secretary, Ministry of Finance Member Adviser ( Agriculture ) , Planing Commission Member Agriculture Commissioner Member Mission Director Member Secretary The GC will be the policy doing organic structure supplying suited directives and counsel to the Mission and reexamining the overall advancement and development of the strategy. The GC will be empowered to lie down and amend the operational guidelines, make up one's mind need-based reallocation of resources across States and territories and O.K. undertakings as per the demands. However, the subsidy norms as approved by the Government shall in no fortunes be exceeded for any of the Mission constituents. The GC will run into at least twice a twelvemonth. A National Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( NFSMEC ) would be constituted under the chairmanship of Secretary, Department of Agriculture & A ; Cooperation to supervise the activities of the Mission and to O.K. the State Action Plans. The NFSMEC will consist the followers: Secretary ( A & A ; C ) Chairman Secretary ( DARE ) & A ; DG, ICAR Member Secretary, MOWR Member Secretary, Department of Fertilizers Member Adviser ( Agri ) , Planing Commission Member Agriculture Commissioner Member Five ( 5 ) experts on harvest production Member Mission Director Member Secretary Function of the NFSMEC will be to supervise the activities of the Mission and to O.K. the single State Action Plans. The Chairman may put up more members to the commission as per demand. The NFSMEC will run into one time in every one-fourth. A Particular Food Security Cell created in the Department of Agriculture & A ; Cooperation ( DAC ) will supply the necessary support to the GC and NFSMEC and will administrate the NFSM. NFSMEC will guarantee smooth functional linkages among different bureaus. NFSMEC shall, in the initial phases of the Mission, meet tri-monthly. Implementing bureaus involved in the executing of the Mission ‘s programme will be accountable to the NFSMEC. A National Food Security Mission Cell will be created in the Crops Division of DAC by redeploying officers/staff from within the Department. There would be three extra Commissioners one each for rice, wheat and pulsations and three Deputy Commissioners one each for the several harvests. Two Adjunct Commissioners, three Assistant Directors, three STAs and back uping staff will besides be placed in the Cell. B. State Level A State Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( SFSMEC ) will be constituted by the State Governments under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary to supervise the activities of the Mission in the State. Secretary ( Agriculture ) , Secretary ( Irrigation ) , Secretary ( Power ) and representatives from other Departments concerned, SAUs, ICAR Institutes, lead Bankss, etc. will be the members of the SFSMEC. A State Mission Director will be appointed in the graduated table of Director ( from within the State Government or outdoors ) . The fundamental law of the State Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( SFSMEC ) will be as follows: Chief Secretary of the State Chairman Secretary ( Agriculture ) Member Secretary ( Irrigation ) Member Secretary ( Power ) Member Vice Chancellor ( s ) of SAUs Member Director/Project Director of ICAR Institutes Member Representatives of Lead Bankss Member State Mission Director Member Secretary The State Governments will hold to put up or make a suited independent bureau registered under the Societies Registration Act for implementing the Mission at the State and territory degrees. The bureau therefore nominated will implement the Mission ‘s programme in the State. Such an bureau could be the State Agricultural Management & A ; Extension Training Institute ( SAMETI ) at the State Level and the Agriculture Technology Management Agency ( ATMA ) at the territory degree. Separate histories for the strategy would be maintained by the State and the District degree Agencies as per the Account codification prescribed by the NSFMEC. The one-year histories would be punctually audited by a hired comptroller every twelvemonth. The State Level Agency will hold the undermentioned duties: Prepare position and State Action Plan in consonant rhyme with the Mission ‘s ends and aims and in close coordination with State Agriculture Universities ( SAUs ) and ICAR Institutes. Organize / behavior baseline study and feasibleness surveies in the country of operation ( territory, sub-district or a group of territories ) to find the position of harvest production, its possible and demand. Similar surveies would besides be undertaken for other constituents of the programmes. Execution of the Mission ‘s programmes in the State through husbandmans societies, Non-Governmental Organizations ( NGOs ) , agriculturists ‘ associations, self-help groups, State establishments and other similar entities. Organize workshops, seminars and developing programmes for husbandmans and other stakeholders at the State degree with the aid of State Agriculture Universities and ICAR Institutes in the district/State. Fundss would be straight received by it from the National Food Security Mission to put to death the sanctioned Action Plan for the State. C. District Level At the territory degree, the strategy will be implemented through the Agricultural Technology Management Agency ( ATMA ) . The State Level Agency will supply the needed financess to the District Level Agency for executing of the programme at the territory / block degree. A District Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( DFSMEC ) will be constituted for undertaking preparation, execution and monitoring of the strategy constituents through the District Agriculture Department. The District Collector or Chief Executive Officer of the Zilla Parishad ( as per bing norms of the State Government ) will be the president of the DFSMEC. DFSMEC will hold representatives from the line Departments concerned including SAUs, KVKs, ATMA, progressive husbandmans, self help groups of husbandmans and reputed NGOs as its members. The Deputy Director ( Agriculture ) / District Agriculture Officer will be the Member Secretary of the DFSMEC. The fundamental law of the DFSMEC will be as follows: District Collector/CEO of Zilla Parishad Chairman Representatives from line Departments Member Nominated progressive husbandmans Member Representatives from ego aid groups of husbandmans Member Representatives from reputed NGOs Member Representative of KVK / SAU in the District Member Project Director ATMA Member Deputy Director ( Agriculture ) /District Member Agricultural Officer Secretary Chairman, DFSMEC may put up other extra officials/persons of importance as felt necessary by him. D. Project Management Team A Project Management Team will be constituted at the National degree under the leading of Mission Director. A Project Management Team will be constituted at the State and the territory degree under the leading of a Project Manager drawn from the State Government. At the State degree, the Project Manager will be of the degree of a Director. At the territory degree, the undertaking director will be of the degree of a Deputy Director ( Agriculture ) or the District Agriculture Officer. The Project Management Team will be assisted by proficient experts to be appointed on contractual footing for engineering transportation and execution of the Mission. The Project Management Team will hold the duty to guarantee coaction among assorted line sections in the Centre / State to accomplish the marks. The assignment of proficient work force will be made on contract footing with the term of mention laid down for the intent by NFSMEC. The Project Management Team will supply the proficient services / advice. Honorarium to Project Management Team members will be fixed as per the extant fiscal norms. KVKs, SAUs and ICAR institutes working in the territory will supply proficient support in preparation of undertakings, its execution and monitoring. The proficient staff will be sourced from SAUs and their regional Centres located in the territories, KVKs, and ICAR institutes for leaving preparation to the husbandmans and extension forces involved in the execution and monitoring of the NFSM. The Project Management Team will hold the undermentioned duties: Guide the States/districts in organisational and proficient affairs. Aid in the execution and monitoring of the assorted intercessions of the NFSM. Help the States/districts in capacity edifice programmes and record the informations on harvest output through harvest cutting experiment samples. Help the territory and province bureaus in coincident rating based on instance surveies in identified territories and papers and circulate the success narratives. Undertake publicity/information run to advance the Mission aims. Monitoring System The National Food Security Mission will hold a strong mechanism of monitoring and rating with the engagement of all the implementing bureaus and the line sections. At the territory degree, monitoring will be undertaken by DFSMEC supported by the Project Management Team. Close monitoring of the physical and the fiscal marks of assorted plan intercessions would be done by the monitoring squads. Format for supervising these intercessions would be prescribed by NSFMEC. The State Department responsible for Economics and Statistics will be involved in accommodating the prescribed format for informations aggregation refering to different parametric quantities of the Mission for supervising to accommodate the local demands. At the State degree, the activities of the Mission will be monitored by a Committee to be constituted under the chairmanship of the State Mission Director with members from the line sections, SAUs, lead Bankss, ICAR institutes and the national harvest development directorates nodal for the State. At the National degree, the activities of the Mission will be monitored by a Committee to be constituted under the chairmanship of the Mission Director with members from Department of Agriculture & A ; Cooperation, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, SAUs, Directorate of Rice, Wheat and Pulses Development, research establishments concerned and functionaries of State Departments concerned. Directorate of Rice/Wheat/ Pulses Development will be the convener of the Committees for the identified provinces, i.e. , the Directorate of Wheat Development for the northern States ; the Directorate of Rice Development for the eastern States ; and the Directorate of Pulses Development for the Central and the southern States. Reporting System The State Department of Agriculture will guarantee the entry of Quarterly Progress Reports ( QPR ) , which should make by the 10th of every 3rd month. Similarly, the elaborate Annual Progress Report ( APR ) should be sent to the Department of Agriculture & A ; Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture within three months after the terminal of the twelvemonth. One transcript of the studies of NFSM-Rice should be sent to the Directorate for Rice Development, Patna ; of NFSM-Wheat to the Directorate of Wheat Development, Ghaziabad and of NFSM-Pulses to the Directorate of Pulse Development, Bhopal with a transcript to the Mission Director. The formats for describing would be as prescribed by the NSFMEC. Evaluation System A baseline study will be conducted by the State Department responsible for Economics & A ; Statisticss to cognize the resource gifts of the husbandmans and the degree of productiveness. Coincident rating will be done every twelvemonth. The State Statistical Department would be responsible for carry oning this rating to measure the public presentation of the strategy in footings of its aims. In the 3rd twelvemonth of execution of the NFSM, a mid-term rating at the National Level will be undertaken through an independent agency/ organisation on its public presentation and defects so as to take the remedial steps / do required alterations in the strategy and its method of execution. An Impact Evaluation Study at the National Level will besides be undertaken through an independent bureau after the 3rd twelvemonth of execution to measure the impact of the strategy in increasing the productiveness of rice, wheat and pulsations, harvest variegation, and sweetening of husbandmans ‘ income. Information communicating engineering will be used for monitoring and rating of the Mission. Specialized tool/format/ package for the monitoring and rating of the Mission ‘s activities would be developed. Benefits to Farmers: Under this strategy the husbandmans are provided with the high giving up assortments of seeds, dirt amenders such as gypsum and calcium hydroxide and micronutrients, helps to add assorted machineries used for farming and aid for taking up Integrated Pest Control measures. Under this mission the expert tells the husbandmans about the new methods of agriculture, how different tools can be used to increase the productiveness and do agriculture easy through Farmers Field Schools and presentations. The strategy is really flexible and leaves adequate infinite for inventions at small town degree. Apart from the room given to the villagers for transporting out the activities as per their ain convenience, the local organic structures are allowed to be after as per their local demands therefore, continuing the spirit and holiness of local bodies/ panchayets establishments. About 10 % of the budget i.e. 420 crores is allotted for this intent. A fund of Rs1 crore per territory holding a individual mission harvest, 2 crores per territory holding more than one mission harvests is provided. Since the strategy has focused to increase the productiveness of wheat, rice and pulsations so, it came up with many intercessions in order to accomplish its mission. Some of the major intercessions that have been planned are given below given: Interventions-Rice, Wheat and Pulses Demonstration-In order to make the consciousness about the improved farm patterns presentation of the improved patterns of rice and wheat, SRI and intercrossed rice will be conducted at husbandman ‘s field. The figure of presentation will be about 1/5th of the entire figure of 11th five-year program but merely one presentation will be given to the husbandman. The presentations will be conducted in the immediate block by spliting the field in two blocks, one for the improved patterns and other by the husbandman ‘s patterns. This will be done in coaction with the State Department of Agriculture, State Agriculture Universities, ICAR Institutes, Krishi Vikas Kendra and NGO ‘s working in this field. But before all these choice of beneficiary husbandmans, choice of site and dirt analysis will be done. System of Rice Intensification and Hybrid Rice Technology- The presentation of SRI and intercrossed rice engineering will be conducted on husbandman ‘s field holding assured irrigation installation and proviso of drainage. Fiscal Aid for production of seed-Financial aid will be provided for the production of seed of intercrossed rice and certified seeds of improved assortments of pulsations. The production will be done under the Seed Committee of NFSM under the chairmanship of Agriculture Commissioner, Govt. of India. In order to run into the mark of covering 3 million hour angle. country under intercrossed rice, 4.5lakhs quintal intercrossed seed will be produced. The subsidy is besides given by the govt. to the production units. The aid for administering the Hybrid/ HVY seeds of rice, wheat and pulsations will besides be given and public every bit good as private bureaus will be made the portion of distribution. Seed Minikit Programme of Rice and Wheat-This programme was aimed at presenting and popularising the latest released/ pre-released varieties/ loanblends among the husbandmans. The size of the minikit made will be 10kg each for wheat, 5kg for HVY of rice and 8kg for Hybrid rice but merely the new released/ loanblend will be distributed which should non be older than 5 old ages. It was decided that one minikit for every 50ha country of rice and wheat will be distributed. These minikits will be distributed by NSC/ SFCI/ SAUs. Strengthening the Infrastructure for Pulses Breeder Seed Production of ICAR-In order to beef up the substructure the Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur was made the nodal bureau. It was provided with the fiscal aid in order to beef up the breeder seed production substructure including contractual work force on project footing. State Seed Corporation/ NSC/SFCI/NAFED/IFFCO and other seed bring forthing bureaus will be explicating Annual Seed Production program for production of foundation and certified pulse seeds. Alimentary Management and usage of Soil Ameliorants-Management of foods and dirt ameliorants will be implemented by the State Development of Agriculture. The All India Soil and Land Use Survey will be the nodal bureau for designation of the precedence countries for execution. Mechanization- Mechanization in the rice, wheat and pulsation will be assisting the husbandmans in the timely completion of the field operation and increase their efficiency, this in bend will conserve the cost of cultivation. Tractor drawn seed drill for wheat and pulsations will assist the beneficiary to cover the big countries in a short period. Distribution of Sprinkler Sets for Wheat and Pulses-It was planned to increase the irrigated country under pulsations from 16 % to 21 % and heighten the irrigation efficiency in NFSM-Wheat territories through the distribution of Sprinkler Sets. Analysis of Effect of NFSM on the production of Rice, Wheat and pulsations in the twelvemonth 2007 – 2008 and 2008 – 2009. Main aims of NFSM are: 20 million dozenss of extra nutrient grains to be produced ; 10 of rice, 8 of wheat and 2 of Pulsations: We have non yet reached to that degree but we are seeking to catch up really shortly. An spending of Rs. 4883 crores provided over a period of five old ages, 2007-08 to 2011-12 312 territories to be covered in 17 States that are holding really high output spreads 20 MHa of Rice, 13 MHa of Wheat and 17 MHa of Pulses, covering approximately 40 % of cropped country for focussed attending Signs of Change: Improved production and productiveness during 07-08 & A ; 08-09 State specific specializations- Many province developed their ain specialisations for e.g. Tamil Nadu- SRI ; Orissa and A.P- Documentation of presentations Improvement of productiveness by more than 50 % in some territories of Bihar, M.P where the original productiveness is much lesser than the province productiveness. Encouragement to new farm practices-Nearly 2.35 lakh presentations of improved assortments of rice and wheat, SRI of rice and intercrossed rice About 47.83 lakh quintals of high giving variety/ intercrossed seed of rice, wheat, pulsations were distributed. About 12.0 lakh hectares of country treated with dirt micro foods ( gypsum/lime/micronutrients ) to reconstruct dirt birthrate About 9.7 lakh hour angle of farm land treated under Integrated Pest Management About 4.3 lakh farm implements distributed Capacity edifice of the husbandmans through about 14535 Farmers Field Schools arranged at farm degree About 55,000 husbandmans are benefited through resource preservation engineerings Tabular analysis of benefits for husbandmans. S.No End product Area covered Farmers benefited 1 2.35 lakh presentations About 1 lakh hac 2.35 lakh husbandman 2 7.5 lakh qtls of Rice HYV distributed 8 lakh hac of rice country of NFSM territories covered About 12 lakh husbandmans 3 About 13000 qtls of intercrossed rice distributed 86000 hac is covered About 57000 husbandmans 4 34.5 lakh qtls of wheat HYV distributed 34.5 hundred thousand hac 23 hundred thousand husbandmans 5 5.7 lakh hac of pulsations seed distributed 14.25 lakh hac covered 9.5 hundred thousand husbandmans 6 About 12 lakh hac treated with gypsum/lime/micronutrients 12.0 hundred thousand hac 9.0 hundred thousand husbandmans 7 9.7 lakh hour angle of farm land treated under Integrated Pest Management 9.7 hundred thousand hac 6.5 hundred thousand husbandmans 8 4.3 lakh farm implements distributed 4.3 hundred thousand husbandmans 9 Capacity edifice of the husbandmans through about 14535 Farmers Field Schools 4.5 hundred thousand husbandmans 10 Entire About 1 million About 72 lakh husbandmans Analysis of Different Food Grains during 2007-08 and 2008 – 09 Wheat production in 2007-08: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 78.57million dozenss of wheat ; about 2.8 million dozenss more than 06-07 Production in NFSM territories is 35.8 million dozenss in 2007-08 Compared to 35.16 million dozenss in 2006-07 Wheat productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Maharashtra 14.6 % ; Gujarat 6.6 % ; Bihar 14.1 % punjab 6.6 % ; UP 2.9 % ; WB 1 % Wheat production in 08-09: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 77.63 million metric tons of wheat ; about 1.82 metric tons more than 2006-07 Wheat productiveness addition over 2007-08 in NFSM territories: Up 1.92 % ; WB 5.22 % ; Bihar 1.6 % ; Haryana 2.7 % ; M.P.7.2 % ; Rajasthan 14.6 % Wheat productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Punjab 5.6 % ; UP 5 % ; WB 6.2 % ; Bihar 16.4 % ; Rajasthan 1.2 % Overall View of the production alteration Against the mark of 8 million metric tons of extra wheat production, 1.8 million metric tons of wheat production is achieved as per 3rd estimation 2008-09. Analysis of Rice production in 2007-2008: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 96.69 million metric tons of rice ; about 3.34million dozenss more than 06-07 ( 93.39 million metric tons ) Rice productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: AP 19.6 % ; Gujarat 35 % ; Production in 2008-09: Significant function of NSFM in bring forthing 99.37 million metric tons of rice during 2008-09 ( 3rd progress estimations ) ; about 2.7 million metric tons more than 2007-08 Rice productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: AP 15.3 % ; Bihar 27.7 % ; MP 44 % ; WB 3.7 % Rice productiveness addition over 2007-08 in NFSM territories: Bihar 70 % ; MP 64 % ; TN 9.2 % ; UP 6.5 % Overall View of the Production Against the mark of 10 million metric tons of extra rice production, 6 million metric tons of rice production is achieved ( basal twelvemonth 2006-07 ) As per 3rd estimation of 2008-09 Analysis of Pulses Production in 2007-08: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 14.76 million metric tons of pulsations ; about 0.6million metric tons more than 06-07 ( 14.2 million metric tons ) Assets productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Gujarat 39 % Bihar 13 % ; A.P 9 % Analysis of pulse production in 2008-09: Assets productiveness addition over 2007-08 in NFSM territories: TN 19. % ; Rajasthan & gt ; 100 % ; Punjab 18 % ; Haryana 66 % ; AP 20 % assets productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Rajasthan 65 % ; Punjab 3 % ; Haryana 0.25 % ; AP 30 % , So if we critically analyze the above findings we can state that it has done a good occupation when we consider a short period. However there are many other factors which will and are non leting NFSM to be effectual. Some of the grounds are evidently bureaucracy and other political factors, other factors include societal factors as deficiency of enterprise from people themselves. Analyzing the Working of the scheme State-Wise: To acquire more elaborate and clear image of the working and betterment made boulder clay now, we will analyze the strategy province wise. The studies of the provinces are as follows: Andhra Pradesh: There was addition in the country under Kharif rice over the normal rice. Despite of heavy rains, and loss of grains, province managed to feed its people. Chhattisgarh: Mission manager stated that no extra financess would be required as they are using the financess decently and due to lift in production husbandmans are taking enterprises themselves. Gujerat: An sum of Rs. 12.07 crores was spent as on 15.12.2010 against approved program sum of Rs.25.98 crores and 100 % outgo was anticipated by the terminal of season. Mysores: An country of 11.03 lakh Hectors was covered under Kharif rice against mark of 10.55 lakhs Hectors and country of 16.72 lakh hectares against mark of 15.10 hundred thousand under Kharif pulsations was covered. Similarly 90.94 lakh tones of Kharif nutrient grains were done as against 87.27 hundred thousand. Kerala: 2064 minikits were supplied to the husbandmans. Changeless proficient aid was provided to the husbandmans. But merely one territory is included in the mission, the PMT support was non provided to the province. Maharashtra: 17019 minikits of rice and 7124 minikits of wheat were supplied against the allotment of 18008 and 7108 minikits of rice and wheat severally. 91160 minikits of pulse harvest were supplied against the allotment of 92160 minikits. Madhya Pradesh: Outgo of Rs.4.52 crores and 16 crores was incurred under Rice and Pulses during Khaiff. There was 15 % addition in the overall production of nutrient grains. Orrisa: Presently 15 territories are included but they are be aftering to increase it to 30 within 2-4 old ages. Rajasthan: State reported 55 % outgo under wheat and 43 % under pulsations constituent of NFSM. Tamil nadu: This province has spent 100 % of the allocated financess, which was Rs.29.94 crores under rice and pulsations. State saw a important betterment in the quality of dirt due to outdo agriculture patterns being used under the mission. West Bengal: This province was non able to pass every bit much as it was given to it but so besides in has seen a quite growing in the production of nutrient grains. From the above analysis done for the different provinces where the programme was carried out in full swing, we can state that the National Food Security Mission is working really successfully in many provinces as it has helped in increasing the productiveness per Hector of the irrigated land. But we besides saw that in some provinces the mission`s aim is non fulfilled, as the provinces are non able to utilize the financess allocated to them or they are non able to pull off good the husbandmans land or they are non able to administer the seeds to the husbandmans in the needed ratio. But looking into its overall public presentation we can state that if it keeps bettering its working so it can easy accomplish its aim in the span of 5 old ages. Comparison of NFSM between Andhra Pradesh and Orissa The National Food Security Mission ( NFSM ) is in operation in 17 provinces of the state including Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. Andhra Pradesh National Food Security Mission-Rice ( NFSM-Rice ) is being implemented in 11 territories of the province and National Food Security Mission -Pulses ( NFSM-Pulses ) is being implemented in 14 territories of the province. Present Status of nidation of NFSM in State On the footing of the proposal received from the State Government of Andhra Pradesh for execution of NFSM-Rice and NFSM-Pulses during Rabi, 2007-08, a entire sum of Rs. 4481.83 hundred thousand ( dwelling of an sum of Rs. 1594.83 lakhs under NFSM-Rice, Rs. 2811.00 hundred thousand for NFSM-Pulses and Rs. 76.00 hundred thousand for Publicity ) have been allocated. The entire sum of Rs. 4461.83 hundred thousand has been released. For other old ages the information has been mentioned in the below given tabular array, which compares the allotment of NFSM amongst different provinces. Degree centigrades: UsersDhirajDesktopNFSMstates.jpg In twelvemonth 2009-10, Andhra Pradesh has been allocated Rs. 12791 Lakhs under NFSM and for the twelvemonth 2010-11 it was allocated Rs. 6401 Lakhs. Advancement: The State has reported the outgo of Rs. 1053.64 lakh under NFSM Rice and Rs. 2403.00 lakhs under NFSM-Pulses, so far. The high values of fund allotment show that Andhra Pradesh has made a important advancement over the old ages in Food Security. Constraints: Since the NFSM has been launched from Rabi, 2007-08, no province has indicated restraints so far. Orissa National Food Security Mission-Rice ( NFSM-Rice ) is being implemented in 15 territories of the province and National Food Security Mission -Pulses ( NFSM-Pulses ) is being implemented in 10 territories of the province. Present Status of NFSM in State: On the footing of the proposal received from the State Government of Orissa for execution of NFSM-Rice and NFSM-Pulses during Rabi, 2007-08, an sum of Rs. 645.860 lakhs under NFSM-Rice and Rs. 456.760 hundred thousand for NFSM-Pulses have been allocated. Besides, an sum of Rs. 31.00 hundred thousand has besides been allocated to State for Publicity Campaign. In 2010-11, the fund allotment for execution of NFSM has been significantly high. The entire sum of fund allotment is Rs. 3714 Crores, out of which Rs. 894 Crores is for the Pulses and Rs. 2820 Crores is for the Rice. The information has been shared in the above tabular array. For other old ages, as can be seen from the tabular array below, in 2009-10, Orissa had a fund allotment of Rs. 43.1 crores in entire out of which Rs. 2.03 Crores was for Publicity Campaign. Degree centigrades: UsersDhirajDesktopUntitled.jpg Advancement: As per the authorities web site, no advancement has been reported by the province so far. But we can see from Table 1 that over the old ages the fund allotment has improved and good sum of work has been done for nutrient security in the province of Orissa. Constraints: Since the NFSM has been launched from Rabi, 2007-08, no province has indicated restraints so far. Comparison: The province of Orissa has far lesser fund allotment every bit far as NFSM is concerned in comparing to Andhra Pradesh. As per the statistics available on the web site and covered in Table 1, Andhra Pradesh was allocated a entire fund of Rs. 8181 Crores in 2008-09 in comparing to Orissa ‘s Rs. 6252 Crores of allocated fund during the same clip period. In 2009-10, financess deserving Rs. 12791 Crores were allocated for nutrient security in Andhra Pradesh in comparing to Orissa ‘s Rs. 6279 Crores. This besides shows that year-on-year growing in allotment of NFSM financess has seen growing for Andhra Pradesh but it is about the same for Orissa. Critical Analysis In a command to bolster India ‘s nutrient security scenario, the National Food Security Mission ( NFSM ) has been implemented in 476 Districts of 17 States in India since its origin. The chief thought behind NFSM is to accomplish an extra production of 20 million dozenss of nutrient grains — 10 million dozenss of rice, 8 million dozenss of wheat and 2 million dozenss of pulsations — by the terminal of Eleventh five-year program ( 2011-12 ) . There have been many focused and aim orientated technological intercessions under NFSM which has made a important impact since its origin which is reflected by the fact that the production of rice, wheat and pulsations is increased from 93.35 million dozenss, 75.81 million dozenss and 14.20 million dozenss in 2006-07 to 94.01 million dozenss, 81.47 million dozenss and 16.51 million dozenss severally in 2010-11 as per 2nd progress estimation. NFSM-Rice: The NFSM-Rice is implemented in 138 territory of 14 States, i.e. , Andhra Pradesh ( 11districts ) , Assam ( 13districts ) , Bihar ( 18 territories ) , Chhattisgarh ( 10 territories ) , Gujarat ( 2 territories ) , Jharkhand ( 7 territories ) , Karnataka ( 7 territories ) , Kerala ( 1 territory ) , Madhya Pradesh ( 9 territories ) , Maharashtra ( 6 territories ) , Orissa ( 15 territories ) , Tamil Nadu ( 5 territories ) , Uttar Pradesh ( 26 territories ) and West Bengal ( 8 territories ) . NFSM-Wheat: The NFSM-Wheat is implemented in 141 territories of 9 States i.e. Bihar ( 25 territories ) , Gujarat ( 4 territories ) , Haryana ( 7 territories ) , Madhya Pradesh ( 30 territories ) , Maharasthra ( 8 territories ) , Punjab ( 10 territories ) , Rajasthan ( 15 territories ) , Uttar Pradesh ( 38 territories ) and West Bengal ( 4 territories ) . NFSM-Pulses: Under NFSM-Pulses, 467 territories of 16 State are included. All the territories in 4 provinces of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and 10 territories of Assam and 15 territories of Jharkhand are included under NFSM-Pulses. One of the defects with the NFSM is its position to supply modern engineering through the above mentioned intercessions to little and fringy husbandmans. This proposal is non practical in the sense that the usage of modern engineering by little husbandmans will non be economically feasible. This proposal of NFSM is hence, contradictory itself, since modern engineering can be implemented in large- sized farms merely.